Federalist Papers – Essay #85 (The Last)

Essay #85, Concluding Remarks, is the concluding essay in the Federalist Papers collection. As you recall, the Federalist Papers were written primarily to the citizens of New York whose approval for the ratification of the Constitution was critical. Alexander Hamilton points out that the New York State constitution contained as many “supposed defects,” and many […]

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Federalist Papers – Essay #84

In Essay #84, Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered, Alexander Hamilton the proposed Constitution and its provisions designed to protect individual liberties. Concern for individual liberties was one of the anti-federalist’s main objections to the new Constitution. Hamilton’s aim was to alleviate these concerns and promote ratification. This paper served […]

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Federalist Papers – Essay #83

In Essay #83, The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury, Alexander Hamilton wraps up his discussion of the judiciary by addressing concerns over the absence of a specific constitutional provision for trial by jury in civil cases. As he explains, this is rooted in one of the core principles of constitutional theory: the […]

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Federalist Papers – Essay #81

In Essay #81, The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority, Alexander Hamilton describes the separation of judicial authority among the different types of courts and the relationship between these courts. Article 3, Section 1, of the Constitution states, “The judicial power of the United States is to be vested in one supreme […]

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Federalist Papers – Essay #80

In Essay #80, The Powers of the Judiciary, Alexander Hamilton presents five principles of judicial authority and then shows how the proposed Constitution conforms to them. He describes the six kinds of cases over which there should be jurisdiction: Cases that relate to federallaws, Cases that relate to the USConstitution, Cases that involve the USgovernment […]

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